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it^iit COfidilioii of Ireland. If you wuh people who are ill u state of freedoAi lo be eased of tbe exces- sive labour which they take upon themselves, you must study tbe motive which induces ttaeni to labour beyond what ia natural and pleasant. For no man labours beyoiid his natural pleasum, with- out a strong and urgent cause ; which cause you must act upon, if you would act upon the degree of kbour, which is only its eifect. You must go into the inward chambers of his mind, such a? it is; into his motives or mduccmonts : and study him as a reasonable being, whose outward actions are under the govcmmeiit and controu) of some prin- ciple within. Vou must search his soul, the good and evil of his inward man, and take measures to encourage the one, and to discourse the other. YoQ can plant nothing that is not there already ; but you can put tlic in&tituUon of society in a ttain for bringing forth the good, and keeping back the evtL And having wrniight improvement within, you will never fail of producing improve- ment without. Having changed the current of desire, you will change the current of activity. And though the labourshouid be as great as ever, being iindcitakcn for higher ends, it will cultivate higher fuculiif-s, and become as productive a source of good us heretofore it was of evil. That it is not tbe quantity of labour which makes the a r. <£ IOCS rHC cuftSK Aa to BODitr labuuh. \^Dii difference, but the fipiriLtinder the influence of wh» the people labour, is evidem from obscmnp character of tlic labouring people in varJoUH states? Forexamplc, the Negro slave, wbich u pcrhap^^ the lowest condition of » labouring niAn, wiU greatly improved when tht^ princrpli; for whrrli labours is chanc^ed, even though his labour shoul not be diminished but increased. When be si come to labour not under force, but under dii tion of hi» own will, hta 8ullenne93, bisaerriUl h\s meditation of revenge, and all those vn attributes of the soul, which are the coosequencef ofbrutalnece:isity^andcniRli intelligence, tbou^bt, and deeif^n, which are the iVtiitB of the will ^ tlie cause of all those, which is bondage, being done away with, hi» condition will come to be aitniUr to the peasantry of other countries, who, tboQfh lhi?y labour a.s much a^ he, are, in rex|H:cl of ui^h derstandiDgp heart, and soul, almost as mocb i^| superior as be is the superior of the brutes thii perish. Atrain, the free pou^antry of ditfereat countries, though their labour be almost the same, difler materially in th