The Great Trek of the Russian Mennonites to Central Asia, 1880-1884, Fred Richard Belk, 1976

onies in New Russia,’ (doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, 1933), pp. 103-108. 14. Anatole G. Mazour, Russia: Tzarist and Communist (Princeton: D.von Nostrand Co., 1962), p. 294; Kuhn, “Cultural Achievements,’’ p. 37. There is disagreement among scholars as to the exact number of Mennonites immigrating from Prussia to Russia at this time. Cornelius Krahn, ‘Some Social Attitudes of the Mennonites of Russia,” MOR, IX (July, 1935), p. 169, places the number at 8,000 families, whereas Orie Miller states there were 9,000 families in ‘The Present Mennonite Migration,’ MQR, I (April, 1927), p. 8. Perhaps the exact number will never be known. 15. Polnoe Sobranie Zakonov, XXXVI, Nos. 27, 912 and 27,954. 16. Krahn, “Some Social Attitudes of the Mennonites of Russia,’ p. 175. 17. Ibid., 171. 18. Francis, In Search of Utopia, p. 21. 19. Cornelius Krahn, ‘‘Mennonite Community Life in Russia,” MQR, XVI (July, 1942), p. 175, 20. Aaron Klaus, Unsere Kolonien, pp. 163-164. 21. J. W. Fretz and H. S. Bender, ‘Mutual Aid,” ME, III, p. 798. 22. C.J. Dyck (ed.), An Introduction to Mennonite History, p. 143. 23. D. H. Epp, Die Chortitzer Mennoniten (Odessa: A. Schultze, 1889), p. 143. 24. Rempel, ‘Mennonite Colonies in New Russia,’ p. 81. 25. P. M. Friesen, Die Alt-Evangelische Mennonitische Bruderschaft in Russland, 1789-1910 (Halbstadt, Taurien: Raduga, 1911), pp. 152, 153. 26. Rempel, ‘Mennonite Colonies in New Russia,’ p. 84. 27. Polnoe Sobranie Zakonov, XXVI, No. 25, p. 752a. 28. Quiring, Auslandsdeutsche Volksforschung, pp. 21-22; C. C. Regier, “The Mennonites of Russia” (MS MHLA), pp. 50-60. 29. Ehrt, Das Mennonitentum in Russland, p. 25; Krahn, “Samara,” ME, IV, pp. 411-412. 30. Ibid., p. 110. 31. Ibid., pp. 103-104. 32. Winfield Fretz, Mennonite Colonization: Lessons from the Past for the Future (Akron, Pa.: Mennonite Central Committee, 1944), pp. 27-28. 200 The Great Trek of the Russian Mennonites Chapter 3 1. Bernard Pares, A History of Russia (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1960), p. 365; Anatole G. Mazour, Russia: Past and Present (Princeton: D. van Nostrand and Co., 1951), p. 163. 2. Mazour, Russia, pp. 758-759. 8. Peter Braun, ‘“The Educational System of the Mennonite Colonies in South Rus- sia,” MOR, III (July, 1929), pp. 171-177. 4. Kuhn, “Cultural Achievements of the Chortitza Mennonites,’ p. 38. 5. C.H. Smith, The Story of the Mennonites, p. 440. 6. Ehrt, Das Mennonitentum in Russland, p. 66; Leonhard Froese, ‘‘Das Pidago gische Kultursystem der Mennonitischen Siedlungsgruppen in Russland” (doctoral dis- sertation, Gottingen, 1949). 7. Walter Kirchner, An Outline History of Russia (New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1950), pp. 147-149; ‘Emigration of the Russian Mennonites,” Herald of Truth, X (Sep- tember, 1873), p. 153; C. H. Smith, The Story of the Mennonites, pp. 442-443. 8. Helen B. Shipley, “The Migration of the Mennonites from Russia, 1879-1880, Their