THE MENNONITE BROTHERHOOD IN RUSSIA (1789 - 1910), P. M. Friesen, 1911

s in Kharkov. On his first journey, in 1854, he was accompanied by four young brethren: Wilhelm Bartel, a Bible colporteur and evangelist under the auspices of the pietistic Mennonites and the Wuerttemberg brethren, Hermann Sudermann of Berdiansk, Jakob Knauer, one of the Wuerttemberg men, and Wilhelm Heine of Prischib. d) Knauer and Heine remained in Reval for several months in the "Rescue Home” of “Papa Bauer” (the housefather and Wichem’s former student), whereupon they proceeded to the Mission House in Barmen, becoming missionaries themselves. Heine went to Sumatra (later he was pastor for many years in Neu-Stuttgart near Berdiansk). The departure of these two young men from Russia— as difficult as that was in those days— was made possible through the mediation of the Duke of Oldenburg (a relative of the ruling tsarist family) in St. Petersburg, who had become interested in the matter through Claassen's friends amongst the pastors and aristocratic families in Reval and St. Petersburg. Hermann Sudermann remained in Reval for three years at “Papa Bauer’s" institute (which was heavilv supported by the love-offerings of the Mennonite and Wuerttemberg brethren) as an intern and student. He was to become the director of the Brotherhood School. In 1857 Claassen made a second trip to Reval and St. Petersburg, this time accompanied by Johann Schmidt of Gnadenfeld. Some time later, Hermann Sudermann, accompanied by Nicholas Schmidt of Steinbach, went to Wichem’s “Rauhes Haus” where he studied and did some practical work for a time. Nicholas Schmidt also visited the well-known orthodox Lutheran revivalist and father of missions, Pastor Harms, in Hermannsburg and his institution, Christian Hoffmann of Kirchenhardt- hof, and others which probably included Moravian institutions. As a result, Johann Lange of Gnadenfeld was sent to Kirchenhardthof. e) Meanwhile the “Brotherhood School” was opened in 1857, with Hausknecht as temporary teacher and set up in temporary quarters. Unrest and Reform 107 Before long, however, Heinrich Franz, Sr., the famous teacher, was appointed to the school against the wishes of Claassen and Reimer, who did not believe his Christianity to be motivated by a “living faith." Nicholas and Johan Schmidt, on the other hand, as well as Lenzmann, preferred Franz. No doubt, Franz was a much more gifted teacher than Hausknecht, as Claassen, Reimer and even Hausknecht himself recog- nized— yet for Claassen and Reimer religious ideals were the most important. Already in 1858 the "brethren” began to divide into the more extreme “enthusiasts” (froehlichen ) , who, no longer satisfied with Wuest, over-emphasized “free grace” and the resulting joy, and the more "rational” and “church-minded,” in whose direction, in contrast to his earlier period when Claassen and Reimer had been his intimates, Wuest more and more inclined (cf. XIII. “Pastor Wuest”). Thus a serious conflict erupted between Cla