Colonel V. A. Pashkov and the Late Nineteenth-Century Protestant Movement in Russia, Jan M. Surer, 1999

Colonel V. A. Pashkov and the Late Nineteenth-Century Protestant Movement in Russia Jan M. Surer A thesis submitted in fulfillment of requirements for the degree of M.Phil. in Russian and East European Studies. Christ Church, Oxford, 1 May 1999 Acknowledgments Many people have contributed to the completion of this thesis. Professor G. S. Smith, my university supervisor; Dr. J. A. E. Curtis, my interim supervisor; and Rev. M. Everitt, my thesis adviser, gave generously of their time and guidance at various stages of the work. The assistance of graduate students Anna Shternshis and Elena Domaratskaya in reading and summarizing the handwritten Russian archival materials was invaluable. I would like to thank Mrs. C. C. Menzies of the Bodleian Library for volunteering helpful information. Mr. Malcolm Walker, of the Keston Institute, Oxford, was instrumental in locating additional material. Ms. Christine Penney of the Special Collections of Birmingham University kindly gave me permission to use excerpts from the Pashkov Papers; the staff there were most helpful. Mr. Bill Sumners and Dr. Albert J.' Wardin, Jr., of the Southern Baptist Historical Library and Archives, Nashville, Tennessee, made available to me photocopies of materials in the archives and in Dr. Wardin's personal possession. Radstock Ministries of Mexborough, South Yorkshire, graciously loaned me material. To all I extend my deepest thanks. J. M. Surer Note In citations the Pashkov Papers archive is abbreviated PP except where confusion might result. Spelling has been modernized throughout unless otherwise noted. The spelling of proper and place names appearing in this work varies greatly in the source materials; my choices do not necessarily follow the transliteration system ( Oxford Slavonic Papers ’) I use in other cases. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction.1 Chapter 2. In Search of a New Social Order.13 Chapter 3. Pashkovism: A Basis for Brotherhood.24 Chapter 4. Pashkovism and Property..^.45 Chapter 5. Pashkovism and Peasant Sectarianism. ....60 Chapter 6. Persecution and Political Opposition.77 Chapter 7. Conclusion.;.86 Bibliography...90 Chapter 1 Introduction . . In the summer of 1884 Colonel V. A. Pashkov, a retired officer of the elite Chevaliers Gardes regiment and one of the wealthiest men in the Russian empire, was banished from Russia by a government edict. He was not the first wealthy Russian nobleman to have suffered such a fate at the behest of the autocracy. Others, such as Alexander Herzen, Prince Peter Kropotkin, and Michael Bakunin had seen prison, exile, or both for their overtly revolutionary propaganda and activities. The propaganda for which Colonel Pashkov was exiled, however, was religious; he and his fellow exile Count M. M. Korf refused to cease the public preaching of revivalist Christianity and were therefore exiled from their homeland. They s