Colonel V. A. Pashkov and the Late Nineteenth-Century Protestant Movement in Russia, Jan M. Surer, 1999

er" in St. Petersburg's Vyborg district was described as containing this inexpensive restaurant, a school for children, apartments for poor girls, a nursery for working women's children, and a small shop for the sale of items made in the school, all under the 37 A press article lacking full attribution, Pashkov Papers 4/1, pp. 1-2. 38 Heier, pp. 115-16. 39 Unattributed article, Pashkov Papers 4/1, p. 34. 35 administration of "a very respected lady." 40 They also conducted sewing workshops and tried to provide a source of income for poor women by selling the clothing made in the sewing circles or at home. 41 Blane notes the formation of literary circles for the peasants at their country estates and a campaign against alcoholism. 42 The charities described above were in full swing by 1878. 43 After the banishment of Pashkov and Korff, some work among the capital city's poor continued with the participation of the remaining members of the movement. 44 They also were, at least for a time, able to continue in the distribution of tracts. 45 Because of the intensified persecution, the religious meetings thebselves as a rule acquired an "underground character." 46 The mixing of the classes continued. I. S. Prokhanov describes one meeting he attended as a student at the St. Petersburg Technical Institute, sometime between 1888 and 1893, in the coachman's cellar room of Countess Shuvalova's house. The countess herself was in 40 " Blaaotvoritel'nost' B. A. Pashkova ." uncertain source, 19/31 July 1885, Pashkov Papers 4/1, p. 62. 41 Heier, p. 117. 42 Blane, pp, 275-76. 43 Heier, p. 116. 44 See, for example, Pashkov's letter to Nathalie von Kruse, who acted as Pashkov's secretary during his exile, which notes the constant visits of the poor to her home (PP 2/1/C/61). 45 Letter from Pashkov to Mr. Prince, 11 July 1885, PP 2/l/b/105. 46 J. A. Hebly, Protestants in Russia , trans. John Pott, Christian Journals Ltd., Belfast, 1976, p. 69. 36 attendance, and the coachman was one of the preachers. 47 In exile, Pashkov tried to continue this combination of evangelization and practical help. At least in the early years of his exile he entertained hopes of being allowed to return to Russia, and partly for that reason led an itinerant life. His letters are addressed from London and Paris, from Cannes and Trouville. His purely evangelistic work included helping to support the missionary journeys of Dr. Baedeker and of other evangelists in Russia and elsewhere in Europe. 46 Pashkov himself conducted religious meetings in the towns where he was staying and continued to support the publishing of Russian-language religious materials. 49 Evangelizing his countrymen directly was also still possible on a limited scale. On one occasion he took the opportunity to visit Russian sailors in Le Havre, and he reported the presence of two sons of Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich as being among a few Russians